Turn to ‘M’ in Trees and Shrubs (an illustrated A-Z of 8500 plants) and before any other listing you will see a two-page, full-color enlarged photograph of one gorgeous, creamy white Southern Magnolia flower cupped gently and safely above thick dark green glossy foliage. Beholding this picture says it all for the Magnolia.
There are many, many species and cultivars of Magnolia (hundreds). This tree (and sometimes shrub) originated both in North America and also throughout Asia. Having said that, it is obvious that there will be a species or cultivar available for almost any climate zone. There are both deciduous species, which lose their foliage for a short time during the dormant season and evergreen species, which as the word implies, never lose their foliage.
The magnolia genus is an ancient one. We admire the beauty of its flower but this same flower carries with it an interesting history. Its flowers are considered to be “primitive” in the flowering plant world (angiosperms). Apparently because it evolved long, long before bees, the flowers evolved to be pollinated by beetles. To ensure pollination, the flower structure remained simple, not complex. In the center of whorled, large petals stand numerous tall pollen coated anthers. Any nectar-seeking insect, such as the early beetles, accomplished the necessary pollination for this genus.
The Southern Magnolia, which is evergreen and highly fragrant, bears this voluptuous flower. The Southern Magnolia probably exemplifies the best of the evergreen magnolias. This tree is also one of the largest growing of the magnolias, growing broadly to 80 feet or more. Lucky for those of us with smaller gardens, there is a dwarf variety called ‘Little Gem’ that is considerably smaller and even can be espaliered on a fence or wall.
There are also deciduous species of magnolia, which are quite well represented. The Saucer Magnolia or Tulip Magnolia (M. soulangeana) comes to mind. The flowers are borne on the branches in spring first, before the foliage. There are several cultivars available offering a variety of flower colors from white to pink-purple petals to rosy pink. Another big favorite among the deciduous magnolias is the Star Magnolia. Clusters of fragrant white star-shaped flowers will abundantly bloom before the foliage reemerges each spring.
Fall or spring are both good times for planting a magnolia. Remember to consider the ultimate size of the variety that you select when deciding where to place this newcomer in your garden. Magnolias need full sun. If placed into too much shade, the tree may grow to be too leggy, while lack of sun might limit the degree of flowering. Dig a hole at least twice the size of the ball of the new tree, and mix your native soil at least 50-50 with planting mix. Water regularly, but do not over-water. Once established, the water can be reduced. In the spring, feed with , which is an excellent general-purpose fertilizer.
No garden should be without this wonderful tree. Standing alone, boldly displaying its flowers or tucked in with the camellia, azalea, Chinese fringe (Loropetalum), and rhododendrons, the Magnificent Magnolia is a must-have for everyone!